Rumen microbiota convert the components of animal diets such as cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and protein to microbial proteins and volatile fatty acids that provide the host animal with about 70% of daily protein and energy requirements 7, 8. The fermentation in the rumen depends on the interactions between the microbial groups, consisting of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi 7. However, higher lignocellulose represents a barrier towards the efficient microbial fermentation of barley in the animal rumen 6. Barley provides large quantities of lignocellulosic straw that could be used in the feeding of desert ruminants 4, 5. Barley is grown in a wide range of adverse environmental conditions, including drought and soil salinity thus, it is considered the main crop in desert regions 3. A huge amount of crop straw is generated globally every year 2. The low productivity of animals in the arid regions is attributed mainly to feed deficiency, wherever animal feeding relies on the low-protein and high-fiber roughages 1. Our results suggest positive impacts of YA supplementation in rumen fermentation and animal performance. Phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated the bacterial community and the dominant genera were Prevotella, RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Saccharofermentans, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Succiniclasticum. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) separated bacterial communities based on animal species and feeding treatment. The YA supplementation affected rumen fermentation as well as the composition and diversity of rumen bacteria however, the response to the supplementation varied according to animal species.

The dietary supplementation improved the feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw nutrients, and the blood immunity parameters. Three fistulated camels and three fistulated rams were fed a concentrates mixture and ad libitum barley straw as a basal diet alone or supplemented with YA mixture. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a mixture of (YA) yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalgae ( Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris) as feed supplementation on feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw, bacteria, and fermentation, blood parameters of camels and sheep. The combination of live yeast and microalgae as feed supplementation could improve rumen fermentation and animal productivity.

Where is crop in indesign cc 2017